从现有Linux系统上安装Archlinux

[root@jpt2 tmp]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 46.6G  0 disk 
├─sda2   8:2    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3   8:3    0 38.4G  0 part /
└─sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /boot/efi


cd /tmp
wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/archlinux/iso/latest/archlinux-bootstrap-2020.07.01-x86_64.tar.gz #下载最新archlinux-bootstrap压缩包
tar -xf archlinux-bootstrap-*.tar.gz

mount --bind /tmp/root.x86_64 /tmp/root.x86_64 #
vim /tmp/root.x86_64/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist #
/tmp/root.x86_64/bin/arch-chroot /tmp/root.x86_64/ #第一层chroot命令

#第一层Chroot
export PS1='root@arch-chroot-1 #'

pacman-key --init
pacman-key --populate archlinux
pacman -Syy

mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi

root@arch-chroot-1 #lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 46.6G  0 disk 
|-sda1   8:1    0  200M  0 part /mnt/boot/efi
|-sda2   8:2    0    8G  0 part [SWAP]
`-sda3   8:3    0 38.4G  0 part /mnt

cd /mnt

#！！！！！除了 boot、tmp、dev、proc、run、sys 几个目录外的其他所有文件！！！！！

root@arch-chroot-1 #ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@arch-chroot-1 #rm -rf bin etc home lib lib64 opt root sbin srv usr var

newroot=/mnt
mkdir -m 0755 -p "$newroot"/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman,log} "$newroot"/{dev,run,etc}
mkdir -m 1777 -p "$newroot"/tmp
mkdir -m 0555 -p "$newroot"/{sys,proc}
mount --bind "$newroot" "$newroot"
mount -t proc /proc "$newroot/proc"
mount --rbind /sys "$newroot/sys"
mount --rbind /run "$newroot/run"
mount --rbind /dev "$newroot/dev"

pacman -r "$newroot" --cachedir="$newroot/var/cache/pacman/pkg" -Sy base linux linux-firmware openssh xfsprogs sudo vi vim

cp -a /etc/pacman.d/gnupg "$newroot/etc/pacman.d/"       
cp -a /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist "$newroot/etc/pacman.d/" 

genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
chroot "$newroot"

#第二层Chroot
export PS1='root@arch-chroot-2 #'

#检查一下/etc/fstab,看看uuid,卷之类的有没有错误，我这边就重复生成了一个根目录的配置，要删除

mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi

vim /etc/locale.gen
#添加en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

locale-gen

#新建systemd网络配置
vim /etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network
root@arch-chroot-2 #cat /etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network 
[Match]
Name=ens3

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

#配置root密码
passwd

#允许root 远程ssh登陆
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config #添加PermitRootLogin yes
#添加PermitRootLogin yes

#启用DHCP网络和sshd
systemctl enable systemd-networkd
systemctl enable sshd

#以下引导内容视个人情况，理论上可以达到无VNC环境的覆盖安装原有的Linux系统

#编辑原来的grub配置增加archlinux启动项
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg

#我这边还要手动修改一下生成的grub配置文件

linux   /vmlinuz-linux改成
linuxefi	/vmlinuz-linux

initrd  /initramfs-linux改成
initrdefi  /initramfs-linux

[root@archlinux ~]# neofetch
                   -`                    root@archlinux 
                  .o+`                   -------------- 
                 `ooo/                   OS: Arch Linux x86_64 
                `+oooo:                  Host: KVM/QEMU (Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996) pc-i440fx-2.9) 
               `+oooooo:                 Kernel: 5.7.7-arch1-1 
               -+oooooo+:                Uptime: 6 mins 
             `/:-:++oooo+:               Packages: 129 (pacman) 
            `/++++/+++++++:              Shell: bash 5.0.17 
           `/++++++++++++++:             Resolution: 1024x768 
          `/+++ooooooooooooo/`           Terminal: /dev/pts/0 
         ./ooosssso++osssssso+`          CPU: AMD EPYC 7551 (2) @ 1.996GHz 
        .oossssso-````/ossssss+`         GPU: 00:02.0 Vendor 1234 Device 1111 
       -osssssso.      :ssssssso.        Memory: 63MiB / 976MiB 
      :osssssss/        osssso+++.
     /ossssssss/        +ssssooo/-                               
   `/ossssso+/:-        -:/+osssso+-                             
  `+sso+:-`                 `.-/+oso:
 `++:.                           `-/+/
 .`                                 `/

[root@archlinux ~]#